diff --git a/src/gateway/protocol/index.ts b/src/gateway/protocol/index.ts
index 98f1e0e52..9282e679c 100644
--- a/src/gateway/protocol/index.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/protocol/index.ts
@@ -128,6 +128,16 @@ import {
   LogsTailParamsSchema,
   type LogsTailResult,
   LogsTailResultSchema,
+  type MeshPlanParams,
+  MeshPlanParamsSchema,
+  type MeshRetryParams,
+  MeshRetryParamsSchema,
+  type MeshRunParams,
+  MeshRunParamsSchema,
+  type MeshStatusParams,
+  MeshStatusParamsSchema,
+  type MeshWorkflowPlan,
+  MeshWorkflowPlanSchema,
   type ModelsListParams,
   ModelsListParamsSchema,
   type NodeDescribeParams,
@@ -358,6 +368,10 @@ export const validateExecApprovalsNodeSetParams = ajv.compile<ExecApprovalsNodeS
   ExecApprovalsNodeSetParamsSchema,
 );
 export const validateLogsTailParams = ajv.compile<LogsTailParams>(LogsTailParamsSchema);
+export const validateMeshPlanParams = ajv.compile<MeshPlanParams>(MeshPlanParamsSchema);
+export const validateMeshRunParams = ajv.compile<MeshRunParams>(MeshRunParamsSchema);
+export const validateMeshStatusParams = ajv.compile<MeshStatusParams>(MeshStatusParamsSchema);
+export const validateMeshRetryParams = ajv.compile<MeshRetryParams>(MeshRetryParamsSchema);
 export const validateChatHistoryParams = ajv.compile(ChatHistoryParamsSchema);
 export const validateChatSendParams = ajv.compile(ChatSendParamsSchema);
 export const validateChatAbortParams = ajv.compile<ChatAbortParams>(ChatAbortParamsSchema);
@@ -417,6 +431,11 @@ export {
   StateVersionSchema,
   AgentEventSchema,
   ChatEventSchema,
+  MeshPlanParamsSchema,
+  MeshWorkflowPlanSchema,
+  MeshRunParamsSchema,
+  MeshStatusParamsSchema,
+  MeshRetryParamsSchema,
   SendParamsSchema,
   PollParamsSchema,
   AgentParamsSchema,
@@ -516,6 +535,11 @@ export type {
   AgentIdentityResult,
   AgentWaitParams,
   ChatEvent,
+  MeshPlanParams,
+  MeshWorkflowPlan,
+  MeshRunParams,
+  MeshStatusParams,
+  MeshRetryParams,
   TickEvent,
   ShutdownEvent,
   WakeParams,
diff --git a/src/gateway/protocol/schema.ts b/src/gateway/protocol/schema.ts
index 614942008..6035c659f 100644
--- a/src/gateway/protocol/schema.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/protocol/schema.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ export * from "./schema/exec-approvals.js";
 export * from "./schema/devices.js";
 export * from "./schema/frames.js";
 export * from "./schema/logs-chat.js";
+export * from "./schema/mesh.js";
 export * from "./schema/nodes.js";
 export * from "./schema/protocol-schemas.js";
 export * from "./schema/sessions.js";
diff --git a/src/gateway/protocol/schema/mesh.ts b/src/gateway/protocol/schema/mesh.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c296eb6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gateway/protocol/schema/mesh.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import { Type, type Static } from "@sinclair/typebox";
+import { NonEmptyString } from "./primitives.js";
+
+export const MeshPlanStepSchema = Type.Object(
+  {
+    id: NonEmptyString,
+    name: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
+    prompt: NonEmptyString,
+    dependsOn: Type.Optional(Type.Array(NonEmptyString, { maxItems: 64 })),
+    agentId: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
+    sessionKey: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
+    thinking: Type.Optional(Type.String()),
+    timeoutMs: Type.Optional(Type.Integer({ minimum: 1_000, maximum: 3_600_000 })),
+  },
+  { additionalProperties: false },
+);
+
+export const MeshWorkflowPlanSchema = Type.Object(
+  {
+    planId: NonEmptyString,
+    goal: NonEmptyString,
+    createdAt: Type.Integer({ minimum: 0 }),
+    steps: Type.Array(MeshPlanStepSchema, { minItems: 1, maxItems: 128 }),
+  },
+  { additionalProperties: false },
+);
+
+export const MeshPlanParamsSchema = Type.Object(
+  {
+    goal: NonEmptyString,
+    steps: Type.Optional(
+      Type.Array(
+        Type.Object(
+          {
+            id: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
+            name: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
+            prompt: NonEmptyString,
+            dependsOn: Type.Optional(Type.Array(NonEmptyString, { maxItems: 64 })),
+            agentId: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
+            sessionKey: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
+            thinking: Type.Optional(Type.String()),
+            timeoutMs: Type.Optional(Type.Integer({ minimum: 1_000, maximum: 3_600_000 })),
+          },
+          { additionalProperties: false },
+        ),
+        { minItems: 1, maxItems: 128 },
+      ),
+    ),
+  },
+  { additionalProperties: false },
+);
+
+export const MeshRunParamsSchema = Type.Object(
+  {
+    plan: MeshWorkflowPlanSchema,
+    continueOnError: Type.Optional(Type.Boolean()),
+    maxParallel: Type.Optional(Type.Integer({ minimum: 1, maximum: 16 })),
+    defaultStepTimeoutMs: Type.Optional(Type.Integer({ minimum: 1_000, maximum: 3_600_000 })),
+    lane: Type.Optional(Type.String()),
+  },
+  { additionalProperties: false },
+);
+
+export const MeshStatusParamsSchema = Type.Object(
+  {
+    runId: NonEmptyString,
+  },
+  { additionalProperties: false },
+);
+
+export const MeshRetryParamsSchema = Type.Object(
+  {
+    runId: NonEmptyString,
+    stepIds: Type.Optional(Type.Array(NonEmptyString, { minItems: 1, maxItems: 128 })),
+  },
+  { additionalProperties: false },
+);
+
+export type MeshPlanParams = Static<typeof MeshPlanParamsSchema>;
+export type MeshWorkflowPlan = Static<typeof MeshWorkflowPlanSchema>;
+export type MeshRunParams = Static<typeof MeshRunParamsSchema>;
+export type MeshStatusParams = Static<typeof MeshStatusParamsSchema>;
+export type MeshRetryParams = Static<typeof MeshRetryParamsSchema>;
diff --git a/src/gateway/protocol/schema/protocol-schemas.ts b/src/gateway/protocol/schema/protocol-schemas.ts
index 68670a3d7..23a8ecf35 100644
--- a/src/gateway/protocol/schema/protocol-schemas.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/protocol/schema/protocol-schemas.ts
@@ -103,6 +103,13 @@ import {
   LogsTailParamsSchema,
   LogsTailResultSchema,
 } from "./logs-chat.js";
+import {
+  MeshPlanParamsSchema,
+  MeshRetryParamsSchema,
+  MeshRunParamsSchema,
+  MeshStatusParamsSchema,
+  MeshWorkflowPlanSchema,
+} from "./mesh.js";
 import {
   NodeDescribeParamsSchema,
   NodeEventParamsSchema,
@@ -254,6 +261,11 @@ export const ProtocolSchemas: Record<string, TSchema> = {
   ChatAbortParams: ChatAbortParamsSchema,
   ChatInjectParams: ChatInjectParamsSchema,
   ChatEvent: ChatEventSchema,
+  MeshPlanParams: MeshPlanParamsSchema,
+  MeshWorkflowPlan: MeshWorkflowPlanSchema,
+  MeshRunParams: MeshRunParamsSchema,
+  MeshStatusParams: MeshStatusParamsSchema,
+  MeshRetryParams: MeshRetryParamsSchema,
   UpdateRunParams: UpdateRunParamsSchema,
   TickEvent: TickEventSchema,
   ShutdownEvent: ShutdownEventSchema,
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-methods-list.ts b/src/gateway/server-methods-list.ts
index bb691f08e..eb571a06f 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server-methods-list.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server-methods-list.ts
@@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ const BASE_METHODS = [
   "agent",
   "agent.identity.get",
   "agent.wait",
+  "mesh.plan",
+  "mesh.run",
+  "mesh.status",
+  "mesh.retry",
   "browser.request",
   // WebChat WebSocket-native chat methods
   "chat.history",
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-methods.ts b/src/gateway/server-methods.ts
index e6086301c..0794a9ff9 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server-methods.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server-methods.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { deviceHandlers } from "./server-methods/devices.js";
 import { execApprovalsHandlers } from "./server-methods/exec-approvals.js";
 import { healthHandlers } from "./server-methods/health.js";
 import { logsHandlers } from "./server-methods/logs.js";
+import { meshHandlers } from "./server-methods/mesh.js";
 import { modelsHandlers } from "./server-methods/models.js";
 import { nodeHandlers } from "./server-methods/nodes.js";
 import { sendHandlers } from "./server-methods/send.js";
@@ -78,6 +79,8 @@ const READ_METHODS = new Set([
   "chat.history",
   "config.get",
   "talk.config",
+  "mesh.plan",
+  "mesh.status",
 ]);
 const WRITE_METHODS = new Set([
   "send",
@@ -94,6 +97,8 @@ const WRITE_METHODS = new Set([
   "chat.send",
   "chat.abort",
   "browser.request",
+  "mesh.run",
+  "mesh.retry",
 ]);
 
 function authorizeGatewayMethod(method: string, client: GatewayRequestOptions["client"]) {
@@ -171,6 +176,7 @@ function authorizeGatewayMethod(method: string, client: GatewayRequestOptions["c
 export const coreGatewayHandlers: GatewayRequestHandlers = {
   ...connectHandlers,
   ...logsHandlers,
+  ...meshHandlers,
   ...voicewakeHandlers,
   ...healthHandlers,
   ...channelsHandlers,
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-methods/mesh.test.ts b/src/gateway/server-methods/mesh.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7441455e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gateway/server-methods/mesh.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import type { GatewayRequestContext } from "./types.js";
+import { __resetMeshRunsForTest, meshHandlers } from "./mesh.js";
+
+const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  agent: vi.fn(),
+  agentWait: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("./agent.js", () => ({
+  agentHandlers: {
+    agent: (...args: unknown[]) => mocks.agent(...args),
+    "agent.wait": (...args: unknown[]) => mocks.agentWait(...args),
+  },
+}));
+
+const makeContext = (): GatewayRequestContext =>
+  ({
+    dedupe: new Map(),
+    addChatRun: vi.fn(),
+    logGateway: { info: vi.fn(), error: vi.fn() },
+  }) as unknown as GatewayRequestContext;
+
+async function callMesh(method: keyof typeof meshHandlers, params: Record<string, unknown>) {
+  return await new Promise<{ ok: boolean; payload?: unknown; error?: unknown }>((resolve) => {
+    void meshHandlers[method]({
+      req: { type: "req", id: `test-${method}`, method },
+      params,
+      respond: (ok, payload, error) => resolve({ ok, payload, error }),
+      context: makeContext(),
+      client: null,
+      isWebchatConnect: () => false,
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  __resetMeshRunsForTest();
+  mocks.agent.mockReset();
+  mocks.agentWait.mockReset();
+});
+
+describe("mesh handlers", () => {
+  it("builds a default single-step plan", async () => {
+    const res = await callMesh("mesh.plan", { goal: "Write release notes" });
+    expect(res.ok).toBe(true);
+    const payload = res.payload as { plan: { goal: string; steps: Array<{ id: string }> } };
+    expect(payload.plan.goal).toBe("Write release notes");
+    expect(payload.plan.steps).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(payload.plan.steps[0]?.id).toBe("step-1");
+  });
+
+  it("rejects cyclic plans", async () => {
+    const cyclePlan = {
+      planId: "mesh-plan-1",
+      goal: "cycle",
+      createdAt: Date.now(),
+      steps: [
+        { id: "a", prompt: "a", dependsOn: ["b"] },
+        { id: "b", prompt: "b", dependsOn: ["a"] },
+      ],
+    };
+    const res = await callMesh("mesh.run", { plan: cyclePlan });
+    expect(res.ok).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("runs steps in DAG order and supports retrying failed steps", async () => {
+    const runState = new Map<string, "ok" | "error">();
+    mocks.agent.mockImplementation(
+      (opts: { params: { idempotencyKey: string }; respond: (ok: boolean, payload?: unknown) => void }) => {
+        const agentRunId = `agent-${opts.params.idempotencyKey}`;
+        runState.set(agentRunId, "ok");
+        if (opts.params.idempotencyKey.includes(":review:1")) {
+          runState.set(agentRunId, "error");
+        }
+        opts.respond(true, { runId: agentRunId, status: "accepted" });
+      },
+    );
+    mocks.agentWait.mockImplementation(
+      (opts: { params: { runId: string }; respond: (ok: boolean, payload?: unknown) => void }) => {
+        const status = runState.get(opts.params.runId) ?? "error";
+        if (status === "ok") {
+          opts.respond(true, { runId: opts.params.runId, status: "ok" });
+          return;
+        }
+        opts.respond(true, {
+          runId: opts.params.runId,
+          status: "error",
+          error: "simulated failure",
+        });
+      },
+    );
+
+    const plan = {
+      planId: "mesh-plan-2",
+      goal: "Ship patch",
+      createdAt: Date.now(),
+      steps: [
+        { id: "research", prompt: "Research requirements" },
+        { id: "build", prompt: "Build feature", dependsOn: ["research"] },
+        { id: "review", prompt: "Review result", dependsOn: ["build"] },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    const runRes = await callMesh("mesh.run", { plan });
+    expect(runRes.ok).toBe(true);
+    const runPayload = runRes.payload as {
+      runId: string;
+      status: string;
+      stats: { failed: number };
+    };
+    expect(runPayload.status).toBe("failed");
+    expect(runPayload.stats.failed).toBe(1);
+
+    // Make subsequent retries succeed
+    mocks.agent.mockImplementation(
+      (opts: { params: { idempotencyKey: string }; respond: (ok: boolean, payload?: unknown) => void }) => {
+        const agentRunId = `agent-${opts.params.idempotencyKey}`;
+        runState.set(agentRunId, "ok");
+        opts.respond(true, { runId: agentRunId, status: "accepted" });
+      },
+    );
+
+    const retryRes = await callMesh("mesh.retry", {
+      runId: runPayload.runId,
+      stepIds: ["review"],
+    });
+    expect(retryRes.ok).toBe(true);
+    const retryPayload = retryRes.payload as { status: string; stats: { failed: number } };
+    expect(retryPayload.status).toBe("completed");
+    expect(retryPayload.stats.failed).toBe(0);
+
+    const statusRes = await callMesh("mesh.status", { runId: runPayload.runId });
+    expect(statusRes.ok).toBe(true);
+    const statusPayload = statusRes.payload as { status: string };
+    expect(statusPayload.status).toBe("completed");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-methods/mesh.ts b/src/gateway/server-methods/mesh.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37587ef85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gateway/server-methods/mesh.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,706 @@
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import type { GatewayRequestHandlerOptions, GatewayRequestHandlers, RespondFn } from "./types.js";
+import {
+  ErrorCodes,
+  errorShape,
+  formatValidationErrors,
+  validateMeshPlanParams,
+  validateMeshRetryParams,
+  validateMeshRunParams,
+  validateMeshStatusParams,
+  type MeshRunParams,
+  type MeshWorkflowPlan,
+} from "../protocol/index.js";
+import { agentHandlers } from "./agent.js";
+
+type MeshStepStatus = "pending" | "running" | "succeeded" | "failed" | "skipped";
+type MeshRunStatus = "pending" | "running" | "completed" | "failed";
+
+type MeshStepRuntime = {
+  id: string;
+  name?: string;
+  prompt: string;
+  dependsOn: string[];
+  agentId?: string;
+  sessionKey?: string;
+  thinking?: string;
+  timeoutMs?: number;
+  status: MeshStepStatus;
+  attempts: number;
+  startedAt?: number;
+  endedAt?: number;
+  agentRunId?: string;
+  error?: string;
+};
+
+type MeshRunRecord = {
+  runId: string;
+  plan: MeshWorkflowPlan;
+  status: MeshRunStatus;
+  startedAt: number;
+  endedAt?: number;
+  continueOnError: boolean;
+  maxParallel: number;
+  defaultStepTimeoutMs: number;
+  lane?: string;
+  stepOrder: string[];
+  steps: Record<string, MeshStepRuntime>;
+  history: Array<{ ts: number; type: string; stepId?: string; data?: Record<string, unknown> }>;
+};
+
+const meshRuns = new Map<string, MeshRunRecord>();
+const MAX_KEEP_RUNS = 200;
+
+function trimMap() {
+  if (meshRuns.size <= MAX_KEEP_RUNS) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const sorted = [...meshRuns.values()].sort((a, b) => a.startedAt - b.startedAt);
+  const overflow = meshRuns.size - MAX_KEEP_RUNS;
+  for (const stale of sorted.slice(0, overflow)) {
+    meshRuns.delete(stale.runId);
+  }
+}
+
+function normalizeDependsOn(dependsOn: string[] | undefined): string[] {
+  if (!Array.isArray(dependsOn)) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const seen = new Set<string>();
+  const normalized: string[] = [];
+  for (const raw of dependsOn) {
+    const trimmed = String(raw ?? "").trim();
+    if (!trimmed || seen.has(trimmed)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    seen.add(trimmed);
+    normalized.push(trimmed);
+  }
+  return normalized;
+}
+
+function normalizePlan(plan: MeshWorkflowPlan): MeshWorkflowPlan {
+  return {
+    planId: plan.planId.trim(),
+    goal: plan.goal.trim(),
+    createdAt: plan.createdAt,
+    steps: plan.steps.map((step) => ({
+      id: step.id.trim(),
+      name: typeof step.name === "string" ? step.name.trim() || undefined : undefined,
+      prompt: step.prompt.trim(),
+      dependsOn: normalizeDependsOn(step.dependsOn),
+      agentId: typeof step.agentId === "string" ? step.agentId.trim() || undefined : undefined,
+      sessionKey:
+        typeof step.sessionKey === "string" ? step.sessionKey.trim() || undefined : undefined,
+      thinking: typeof step.thinking === "string" ? step.thinking : undefined,
+      timeoutMs:
+        typeof step.timeoutMs === "number" && Number.isFinite(step.timeoutMs)
+          ? Math.max(1_000, Math.floor(step.timeoutMs))
+          : undefined,
+    })),
+  };
+}
+
+function createPlanFromParams(params: {
+  goal: string;
+  steps?: Array<{
+    id?: string;
+    name?: string;
+    prompt: string;
+    dependsOn?: string[];
+    agentId?: string;
+    sessionKey?: string;
+    thinking?: string;
+    timeoutMs?: number;
+  }>;
+}): MeshWorkflowPlan {
+  const now = Date.now();
+  const goal = params.goal.trim();
+  const sourceSteps = params.steps?.length
+    ? params.steps
+    : [
+        {
+          id: "step-1",
+          name: "Primary Task",
+          prompt: goal,
+        },
+      ];
+
+  const steps = sourceSteps.map((step, index) => {
+    const stepId = step.id?.trim() || `step-${index + 1}`;
+    return {
+      id: stepId,
+      name: step.name?.trim() || undefined,
+      prompt: step.prompt.trim(),
+      dependsOn: normalizeDependsOn(step.dependsOn),
+      agentId: step.agentId?.trim() || undefined,
+      sessionKey: step.sessionKey?.trim() || undefined,
+      thinking: typeof step.thinking === "string" ? step.thinking : undefined,
+      timeoutMs:
+        typeof step.timeoutMs === "number" && Number.isFinite(step.timeoutMs)
+          ? Math.max(1_000, Math.floor(step.timeoutMs))
+          : undefined,
+    };
+  });
+
+  return {
+    planId: `mesh-plan-${randomUUID()}`,
+    goal,
+    createdAt: now,
+    steps,
+  };
+}
+
+function validatePlanGraph(plan: MeshWorkflowPlan): { ok: true; order: string[] } | { ok: false; error: string } {
+  const ids = new Set<string>();
+  for (const step of plan.steps) {
+    if (ids.has(step.id)) {
+      return { ok: false, error: `duplicate step id: ${step.id}` };
+    }
+    ids.add(step.id);
+  }
+
+  for (const step of plan.steps) {
+    for (const depId of step.dependsOn ?? []) {
+      if (!ids.has(depId)) {
+        return { ok: false, error: `unknown dependency "${depId}" on step "${step.id}"` };
+      }
+      if (depId === step.id) {
+        return { ok: false, error: `step "${step.id}" cannot depend on itself` };
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const inDegree = new Map<string, number>();
+  const outgoing = new Map<string, string[]>();
+  for (const step of plan.steps) {
+    inDegree.set(step.id, 0);
+    outgoing.set(step.id, []);
+  }
+  for (const step of plan.steps) {
+    for (const dep of step.dependsOn ?? []) {
+      inDegree.set(step.id, (inDegree.get(step.id) ?? 0) + 1);
+      const list = outgoing.get(dep);
+      if (list) {
+        list.push(step.id);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const queue = plan.steps.filter((step) => (inDegree.get(step.id) ?? 0) === 0).map((s) => s.id);
+  const order: string[] = [];
+
+  while (queue.length > 0) {
+    const current = queue.shift();
+    if (!current) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    order.push(current);
+    const targets = outgoing.get(current) ?? [];
+    for (const next of targets) {
+      const degree = (inDegree.get(next) ?? 0) - 1;
+      inDegree.set(next, degree);
+      if (degree === 0) {
+        queue.push(next);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (order.length !== plan.steps.length) {
+    return { ok: false, error: "workflow contains a dependency cycle" };
+  }
+  return { ok: true, order };
+}
+
+async function callGatewayHandler(
+  handler: (opts: GatewayRequestHandlerOptions) => Promise<void> | void,
+  opts: GatewayRequestHandlerOptions,
+): Promise<{ ok: boolean; payload?: unknown; error?: unknown; meta?: Record<string, unknown> }> {
+  return await new Promise((resolve) => {
+    let settled = false;
+    const settle = (result: { ok: boolean; payload?: unknown; error?: unknown; meta?: Record<string, unknown> }) => {
+      if (settled) {
+        return;
+      }
+      settled = true;
+      resolve(result);
+    };
+    const respond: RespondFn = (ok, payload, error, meta) => {
+      settle({ ok, payload, error, meta });
+    };
+    void Promise.resolve(
+      handler({
+        ...opts,
+        respond,
+      }),
+    ).catch((err) => {
+      settle({ ok: false, error: err });
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+function buildStepPrompt(step: MeshStepRuntime, run: MeshRunRecord): string {
+  if (step.dependsOn.length === 0) {
+    return step.prompt;
+  }
+  const lines = step.dependsOn.map((depId) => {
+    const dep = run.steps[depId];
+    const details = dep.agentRunId ? ` runId=${dep.agentRunId}` : "";
+    return `- ${depId}: ${dep.status}${details}`;
+  });
+  return `${step.prompt}\n\nDependency context:\n${lines.join("\n")}`;
+}
+
+function resolveStepTimeoutMs(step: MeshStepRuntime, run: MeshRunRecord): number {
+  if (typeof step.timeoutMs === "number" && Number.isFinite(step.timeoutMs)) {
+    return Math.max(1_000, Math.floor(step.timeoutMs));
+  }
+  return run.defaultStepTimeoutMs;
+}
+
+async function executeStep(params: {
+  run: MeshRunRecord;
+  step: MeshStepRuntime;
+  opts: GatewayRequestHandlerOptions;
+}) {
+  const { run, step, opts } = params;
+  step.status = "running";
+  step.startedAt = Date.now();
+  step.endedAt = undefined;
+  step.error = undefined;
+  step.attempts += 1;
+  run.history.push({ ts: Date.now(), type: "step.start", stepId: step.id });
+
+  const agentRequestId = `${run.runId}:${step.id}:${step.attempts}`;
+  const prompt = buildStepPrompt(step, run);
+  const timeoutMs = resolveStepTimeoutMs(step, run);
+  const timeoutSeconds = Math.ceil(timeoutMs / 1000);
+
+  const accepted = await callGatewayHandler(agentHandlers.agent, {
+    ...opts,
+    req: {
+      type: "req",
+      id: `${agentRequestId}:agent`,
+      method: "agent",
+      params: {},
+    },
+    params: {
+      message: prompt,
+      idempotencyKey: agentRequestId,
+      ...(step.agentId ? { agentId: step.agentId } : {}),
+      ...(step.sessionKey ? { sessionKey: step.sessionKey } : {}),
+      ...(step.thinking ? { thinking: step.thinking } : {}),
+      ...(run.lane ? { lane: run.lane } : {}),
+      timeout: timeoutSeconds,
+      deliver: false,
+    },
+  });
+
+  if (!accepted.ok) {
+    step.status = "failed";
+    step.endedAt = Date.now();
+    step.error = String(accepted.error ?? "agent request failed");
+    run.history.push({
+      ts: Date.now(),
+      type: "step.error",
+      stepId: step.id,
+      data: { error: step.error },
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const runId = (() => {
+    const candidate = accepted.payload as { runId?: unknown } | undefined;
+    return typeof candidate?.runId === "string" ? candidate.runId : undefined;
+  })();
+  step.agentRunId = runId;
+
+  if (!runId) {
+    step.status = "failed";
+    step.endedAt = Date.now();
+    step.error = "agent did not return runId";
+    run.history.push({
+      ts: Date.now(),
+      type: "step.error",
+      stepId: step.id,
+      data: { error: step.error },
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const waited = await callGatewayHandler(agentHandlers["agent.wait"], {
+    ...opts,
+    req: {
+      type: "req",
+      id: `${agentRequestId}:wait`,
+      method: "agent.wait",
+      params: {},
+    },
+    params: {
+      runId,
+      timeoutMs,
+    },
+  });
+
+  const waitPayload = waited.payload as { status?: unknown; error?: unknown } | undefined;
+  const waitStatus = typeof waitPayload?.status === "string" ? waitPayload.status : "error";
+  if (waited.ok && waitStatus === "ok") {
+    step.status = "succeeded";
+    step.endedAt = Date.now();
+    run.history.push({ ts: Date.now(), type: "step.ok", stepId: step.id, data: { runId } });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  step.status = "failed";
+  step.endedAt = Date.now();
+  step.error =
+    typeof waitPayload?.error === "string"
+      ? waitPayload.error
+      : String(waited.error ?? `agent.wait returned status ${waitStatus}`);
+  run.history.push({
+    ts: Date.now(),
+    type: "step.error",
+    stepId: step.id,
+    data: { runId, status: waitStatus, error: step.error },
+  });
+}
+
+function createRunRecord(params: {
+  runId: string;
+  plan: MeshWorkflowPlan;
+  order: string[];
+  continueOnError: boolean;
+  maxParallel: number;
+  defaultStepTimeoutMs: number;
+  lane?: string;
+}): MeshRunRecord {
+  const steps: Record<string, MeshStepRuntime> = {};
+  for (const step of params.plan.steps) {
+    steps[step.id] = {
+      id: step.id,
+      name: step.name,
+      prompt: step.prompt,
+      dependsOn: step.dependsOn ?? [],
+      agentId: step.agentId,
+      sessionKey: step.sessionKey,
+      thinking: step.thinking,
+      timeoutMs: step.timeoutMs,
+      status: "pending",
+      attempts: 0,
+    };
+  }
+  return {
+    runId: params.runId,
+    plan: params.plan,
+    status: "pending",
+    startedAt: Date.now(),
+    continueOnError: params.continueOnError,
+    maxParallel: params.maxParallel,
+    defaultStepTimeoutMs: params.defaultStepTimeoutMs,
+    lane: params.lane,
+    stepOrder: params.order,
+    steps,
+    history: [],
+  };
+}
+
+function findReadySteps(run: MeshRunRecord): MeshStepRuntime[] {
+  const ready: MeshStepRuntime[] = [];
+  for (const stepId of run.stepOrder) {
+    const step = run.steps[stepId];
+    if (!step || step.status !== "pending") {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const deps = step.dependsOn.map((depId) => run.steps[depId]).filter(Boolean);
+    if (deps.some((dep) => dep.status === "failed" || dep.status === "skipped")) {
+      step.status = "skipped";
+      step.endedAt = Date.now();
+      step.error = "dependency failed";
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (deps.every((dep) => dep.status === "succeeded")) {
+      ready.push(step);
+    }
+  }
+  return ready;
+}
+
+async function runWorkflow(run: MeshRunRecord, opts: GatewayRequestHandlerOptions) {
+  run.status = "running";
+  run.history.push({ ts: Date.now(), type: "run.start" });
+
+  const inFlight = new Set<Promise<void>>();
+  let stopScheduling = false;
+  while (true) {
+    const failed = Object.values(run.steps).some((step) => step.status === "failed");
+    if (failed && !run.continueOnError) {
+      stopScheduling = true;
+    }
+
+    if (!stopScheduling) {
+      const ready = findReadySteps(run);
+      for (const step of ready) {
+        if (inFlight.size >= run.maxParallel) {
+          break;
+        }
+        const task = executeStep({ run, step, opts }).finally(() => {
+          inFlight.delete(task);
+        });
+        inFlight.add(task);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (inFlight.size > 0) {
+      await Promise.race(inFlight);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const pending = Object.values(run.steps).filter((step) => step.status === "pending");
+    if (pending.length === 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+    for (const step of pending) {
+      step.status = "skipped";
+      step.endedAt = Date.now();
+      step.error = stopScheduling ? "cancelled after failure" : "unresolvable dependencies";
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+
+  const hasFailure = Object.values(run.steps).some((step) => step.status === "failed");
+  run.status = hasFailure ? "failed" : "completed";
+  run.endedAt = Date.now();
+  run.history.push({
+    ts: Date.now(),
+    type: "run.end",
+    data: { status: run.status },
+  });
+}
+
+function resolveStepIdsForRetry(run: MeshRunRecord, requested?: string[]): string[] {
+  if (Array.isArray(requested) && requested.length > 0) {
+    return requested.map((stepId) => stepId.trim()).filter(Boolean);
+  }
+  return Object.values(run.steps)
+    .filter((step) => step.status === "failed" || step.status === "skipped")
+    .map((step) => step.id);
+}
+
+function descendantsOf(run: MeshRunRecord, roots: Set<string>): Set<string> {
+  const descendants = new Set<string>();
+  const queue = [...roots];
+  while (queue.length > 0) {
+    const current = queue.shift();
+    if (!current) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    for (const step of Object.values(run.steps)) {
+      if (!step.dependsOn.includes(current) || descendants.has(step.id)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      descendants.add(step.id);
+      queue.push(step.id);
+    }
+  }
+  return descendants;
+}
+
+function resetStepsForRetry(run: MeshRunRecord, stepIds: string[]) {
+  const rootSet = new Set(stepIds);
+  const descendants = descendantsOf(run, rootSet);
+  const resetIds = new Set([...rootSet, ...descendants]);
+  for (const stepId of resetIds) {
+    const step = run.steps[stepId];
+    if (!step) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (step.status === "succeeded" && !rootSet.has(stepId)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    step.status = "pending";
+    step.startedAt = undefined;
+    step.endedAt = undefined;
+    step.error = undefined;
+    if (rootSet.has(stepId)) {
+      step.agentRunId = undefined;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function summarizeRun(run: MeshRunRecord) {
+  return {
+    runId: run.runId,
+    plan: run.plan,
+    status: run.status,
+    startedAt: run.startedAt,
+    endedAt: run.endedAt,
+    stats: {
+      total: Object.keys(run.steps).length,
+      succeeded: Object.values(run.steps).filter((step) => step.status === "succeeded").length,
+      failed: Object.values(run.steps).filter((step) => step.status === "failed").length,
+      skipped: Object.values(run.steps).filter((step) => step.status === "skipped").length,
+      running: Object.values(run.steps).filter((step) => step.status === "running").length,
+      pending: Object.values(run.steps).filter((step) => step.status === "pending").length,
+    },
+    steps: run.stepOrder.map((stepId) => run.steps[stepId]),
+    history: run.history,
+  };
+}
+
+export const meshHandlers: GatewayRequestHandlers = {
+  "mesh.plan": ({ params, respond }) => {
+    if (!validateMeshPlanParams(params)) {
+      respond(
+        false,
+        undefined,
+        errorShape(
+          ErrorCodes.INVALID_REQUEST,
+          `invalid mesh.plan params: ${formatValidationErrors(validateMeshPlanParams.errors)}`,
+        ),
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    const p = params;
+    const plan = normalizePlan(
+      createPlanFromParams({
+        goal: p.goal,
+        steps: p.steps,
+      }),
+    );
+    const graph = validatePlanGraph(plan);
+    if (!graph.ok) {
+      respond(false, undefined, errorShape(ErrorCodes.INVALID_REQUEST, graph.error));
+      return;
+    }
+    respond(
+      true,
+      {
+        plan,
+        order: graph.order,
+      },
+      undefined,
+    );
+  },
+  "mesh.run": async (opts) => {
+    const { params, respond } = opts;
+    if (!validateMeshRunParams(params)) {
+      respond(
+        false,
+        undefined,
+        errorShape(
+          ErrorCodes.INVALID_REQUEST,
+          `invalid mesh.run params: ${formatValidationErrors(validateMeshRunParams.errors)}`,
+        ),
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    const p = params as MeshRunParams;
+    const plan = normalizePlan(p.plan);
+    const graph = validatePlanGraph(plan);
+    if (!graph.ok) {
+      respond(false, undefined, errorShape(ErrorCodes.INVALID_REQUEST, graph.error));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const maxParallel =
+      typeof p.maxParallel === "number" && Number.isFinite(p.maxParallel)
+        ? Math.min(16, Math.max(1, Math.floor(p.maxParallel)))
+        : 2;
+    const defaultStepTimeoutMs =
+      typeof p.defaultStepTimeoutMs === "number" && Number.isFinite(p.defaultStepTimeoutMs)
+        ? Math.max(1_000, Math.floor(p.defaultStepTimeoutMs))
+        : 120_000;
+    const runId = `mesh-run-${randomUUID()}`;
+    const record = createRunRecord({
+      runId,
+      plan,
+      order: graph.order,
+      continueOnError: p.continueOnError === true,
+      maxParallel,
+      defaultStepTimeoutMs,
+      lane: typeof p.lane === "string" ? p.lane : undefined,
+    });
+    meshRuns.set(runId, record);
+    trimMap();
+
+    await runWorkflow(record, opts);
+    respond(true, summarizeRun(record), undefined);
+  },
+  "mesh.status": ({ params, respond }) => {
+    if (!validateMeshStatusParams(params)) {
+      respond(
+        false,
+        undefined,
+        errorShape(
+          ErrorCodes.INVALID_REQUEST,
+          `invalid mesh.status params: ${formatValidationErrors(validateMeshStatusParams.errors)}`,
+        ),
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    const run = meshRuns.get(params.runId.trim());
+    if (!run) {
+      respond(false, undefined, errorShape(ErrorCodes.NOT_FOUND, "mesh run not found"));
+      return;
+    }
+    respond(true, summarizeRun(run), undefined);
+  },
+  "mesh.retry": async (opts) => {
+    const { params, respond } = opts;
+    if (!validateMeshRetryParams(params)) {
+      respond(
+        false,
+        undefined,
+        errorShape(
+          ErrorCodes.INVALID_REQUEST,
+          `invalid mesh.retry params: ${formatValidationErrors(validateMeshRetryParams.errors)}`,
+        ),
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    const runId = params.runId.trim();
+    const run = meshRuns.get(runId);
+    if (!run) {
+      respond(false, undefined, errorShape(ErrorCodes.NOT_FOUND, "mesh run not found"));
+      return;
+    }
+    if (run.status === "running") {
+      respond(false, undefined, errorShape(ErrorCodes.UNAVAILABLE, "mesh run is currently running"));
+      return;
+    }
+    const stepIds = resolveStepIdsForRetry(run, params.stepIds);
+    if (stepIds.length === 0) {
+      respond(
+        false,
+        undefined,
+        errorShape(ErrorCodes.INVALID_REQUEST, "no failed or skipped steps available to retry"),
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    for (const stepId of stepIds) {
+      if (!run.steps[stepId]) {
+        respond(
+          false,
+          undefined,
+          errorShape(ErrorCodes.INVALID_REQUEST, `unknown retry step id: ${stepId}`),
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    resetStepsForRetry(run, stepIds);
+    run.status = "pending";
+    run.endedAt = undefined;
+    run.history.push({
+      ts: Date.now(),
+      type: "run.retry",
+      data: { stepIds },
+    });
+    await runWorkflow(run, opts);
+    respond(true, summarizeRun(run), undefined);
+  },
+};
+
+export function __resetMeshRunsForTest() {
+  meshRuns.clear();
+}